Journal of Andrology Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on the Epididymis
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Published-Ahead-of-Print June 16, 2011, DOI:10.2164/jandrol.111.013987

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Modeling Prostate Cancer in Mice: Limitations and Opportunities

Patrick J. Hensley and Natasha Kyprianou *

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nkypr2{at}uky.edu.

The complex dynamics of the tumor microenvironment and prostate cancer heterogeneity have confounded efforts to establish suitable preclinical mouse models to represent human cancer progression from early proliferative phenotypes to aggressive, androgen-independent and invasive metastatic tumors. Current models have been successful in capitulating individual characteristics of the aggressive tumors. However, none of these models comprehensively mimics human cancer progression, establishing the challenge in their exploitation to study human disease. The ability to tailor phenotypic outcomes in mice by compounding mutations to target specific molecular pathways provides a powerful tool towards disruption of signaling pathways contributing to the initiation and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Each model is characterized by unique features contributing to the understanding of prostate tumorigenesis, as well as limitations challenging our knowledge of the mechanisms of cancer development and progression. Emerging strategies utilize genomic manipulation technology to circumvent these limitations towards the formulation of attractive, physiologically relevant models of prostate cancer progression to advanced disease. This review discusses the current value of the widely used and well-characterized mouse models of prostate cancer progression to metastasis, as well as the opportunities begging exploitation for the development of new models for testing the antitumor efficacy of therapeutic strategies and identifying new biomarkers of disease progression.


Key words: Prostate • Castration-resistant prostate cancer • knockout • metastasis • prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia • transgene






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Copyright © 2011 by The American Society of Andrology.