Journal of Andrology
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Published-Ahead-of-Print January 9, 2008, DOI:10.2164/jandrol.107.003921

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Cryopreservation of Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) Epididymal Spermatozoa Before and After Refrigerated Storage

Qiaoxiang Dong , Sarah E. Rodenburg , Changjiang Huang , and Catherine A. VandeVoort *

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: cavandevoort{at}ucdavis.edu.

Recently, there has been an increased interest in preservation of epididymal sperm as a potential source of material for genetic resource banking; however, cryopreservation of epididymal sperm from the rhesus monkey has not been explored. This study evaluated the effect of prolonged refrigerated storage of the intact cauda epididymides at various conditions on the post-thaw motility of rhesus monkey epididymal spermatozoa, and also tested whether altering cryoprotectants and cooling methods could improve post-thaw motility for epididymal sperm after refrigerated storage. Motility before freezing was found to decrease significantly after refrigerated storage (0°C) for a period of 24 or 48 h. Although post-thaw motility was not significantly different after 24h refrigerated storage, epididymides stored at a higher temperature (4-10°C) yielded better results, but post-thaw motility still decreased significantly after 48 h refrigerated storage at 4°C. Comparisons of glycerol and ethylene glycol at 3% and 6% revealed similar post-thaw motility. However, consistently high post-thaw motility was obtained with 3% glycerol throughout all freezing trials regardless of whether samples were collected fresh or after refrigerated storage for 24 or 48 h. Cooling at a higher rate of 220°C/min was found to yield better post-thaw motility than the slower rate of 29°C/min. Thawing time duration was evaluated and a minimum of 30 s was required for thawing 0.25ml straws containing 50 µL semen samples. An overall average of 42% post-thaw motility was obtained for rhesus monkey epididymal sperm packed in 3% glycerol and cooled after 24 or 48 h refrigerated storage. These post-thaw motility results for epididymal sperm indicate that this method should be practical for use in preserving epididymal sperm, even if tissue must be shipped from sites remote from the cryopreservation laboratory.


Key words: Assisted reproduction • Cryopreservation • Epididymis • Semen • Sperm






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Copyright © 2008 by The American Society of Andrology.