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Published-Ahead-of-Print February 1, 2006, DOI:10.2164/jandrol.05165

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Expression of orphan receptors TR2, TR3, TR4 and p53 in heat-treated testis of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Xue-Sen Zhang *, Jin-Xiang Yuan , Tao Liu , Yan-He Lue , Xuan Jin , Shi-Xin Tao , Zhao-Yuan Hu , Amiya P. Sinha Hikim , Ronald S. Swerdloff , Christina Wang , and Yi-Xun Li

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

To investigate the possible role of testicular orphan receptors (TR) TR2, TR3 and TR4 in the process of germ cell apoptosis in the testis of the heat-treated monkey, we have examined the spatio-temporal expression of the three TR mRNAs in relation to p53 mRNA levels in the monkey testis using in situ hybridization and RT-PCR techniques. The results showed that TR2 mRNA was confined to spermatocytes, TR4 and TR3 mRNAs were expressed in both spermatocytes and spermatids. The heat treatment did not change TR2 mRNA level, but significantly reduced TR4 mRNA expression in spermatocytes on day 3 and 8 after the heat treatment. TR3 mRNA expression was affected by the heat treatment in a time dependent manner, with the lowest level on day 30 after the heat shock. Low to moderate signal for p53 mRNA was detected in spermatocytes before treatment, which increased dramatically on days 3, 8 and 30 after the heat shock. The coincident expression of the testicular TR3 and p53 mRNA spatially and time-dependently implied that the decrease in TR3 expression in the heat-treated testis may be closely related to the p53 signal pathway, while the temporal decrease in TR4 production in the testis at the early stage indicated that this orphan receptor may be also involved in the germ cell apoptosis. The data suggest that TR3, TR4 and p53 may be important regulators of germ cell apoptosis induced by the heat-treatment, whereas, TR2 might not be a key regulator in this process.






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