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Journal of Andrology, Vol 18, Issue 1 43-50, Copyright © 1997 by The American Society of Andrology

JOURNAL ARTICLE

Continuous assessment of human spermatozoa viability during cryopreservation

S. N. Mohammad, C. L. Barratt, I. D. Cooke and H. D. Moore
University of Sheffield, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jessop Hospital for Women, United Kingdom.

Cryomicroscopy has enabled direct observation of freezing and thawing of human spermatozoa. When used with a fluorescent viability kit, sperm membrane damage was not apparent down to temperatures of -5 degrees C, but significant damage occurred after thawing (55% of spermatozoa had damaged membranes). Semen samples were cooled or frozen to temperatures (at decrements of 10 degrees C) from 0 degree C to -110 degrees C. At all these temperatures the proportion of live to membrane-damaged cells remained constant. Samples held at temperatures above -30 degrees C were not adversely affected. Below -30 degrees C there was a gradual increase in the proportion of membrane-damaged cells on thaw and a decrease in the number of live cells recovering motility. At temperatures between -50 degrees C and -60 degrees C there was an equal proportion of live motile, immotile, and membrane-damaged cells. It is concluded that some irreversible damage to spermatozoa was a result of freezing processes in cells frozen to -30 degrees C or less, but most of the cryodamage was incurred during thawing, possibly due to recrystallization.


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R. V. Devireddy, D. J. Swanlund, K. P. Roberts, and J. C. Bischof
Subzero Water Permeability Parameters of Mouse Spermatozoa in the Presence of Extracellular Ice and Cryoprotective Agents
Biol Reprod, September 1, 1999; 61(3): 764 - 775.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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